Prevalence of the risk factors of cerebrovascular disorders in the capital city residents aged 40–59: a clinical and epidemiological study
- Authors: Gnedovskaya E.V.1, Kravchenko M.A.1, Prokopovich М.E.1, Andreeva O.S.2, Sergeev D.V.1, Oshchepkova E.V.1, Varakin Y.Y.1, Piradov M.A.1
-
Affiliations:
- Research Center of Neurology
- Russian Cardiology Research Complex
- Issue: Vol 10, No 4 (2016)
- Pages: 11-19
- Section: Original articles
- Submitted: 27.01.2017
- Published: 02.02.2017
- URL: https://www.annaly-nevrologii.com/journal/pathID/article/view/13
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/psaic13
- ID: 13
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Introduction. Circulatory system diseases and cerebrovascular disorders are among the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in the Russian Federation. Updated information on prevalence and structure of the risk factors is needed to elaborate populationwide prevention measures.
The aim is to assess the prevalence of the risk factors for cerebrovascular disorders in the working-age population of capital city residents and stratification of subjects into the risk groups using clinical scales for comprehensive evaluation.
Materials and methods. Thorough screening of the open population aged 40–59 was carried out at one outpatient medical service facility in Moscow in 2011–2012: 376 subjects (156 men, 220 women). The analysis took into account gender and agerelated differences (in the age groups of 49–49 and 50–59-yearold adults).
Results. We obtained the data on prevalence of the major risk factors of cerebrovascular disorders, men/women (%): family history – 38.5/55.9, smoking 40.4/25.9, low physical activity – 48.4/49.5, class 1 obesity – 21.8/21.4, class 2 and 3 obesity – 6.4/12.7, elevated serum cholesterol levels – 32.7/43.2, elevated serum triglyceride levels – 23.1/15.0, hypertension – 48.1/45.0, type 2 diabetes – 3.8/2.7, increased intima-media thickness in the carotid and femoral arteries – 44.9/65.9, atherosclerotic plaques of any localization (carotid and/or femoral arteries) 62.8/40.5, and >30% atherosclerotic stenosis of any localization – 12.2/7.7. Prevalence of the risk factors in the population and, in some cases, their severity increased with age (before and after age 50) up to 1.5–2 fold. When using SCORE and Stroke Riskometer ™ tools for stratification, 8.6% and 39.3% subjects fell into the high-risk groups, respectively.
Conclusion. Working-age capital city residents in the 40–59 years cohort show high prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders with the first significant rise of prevalence after reaching a 50-year age border; hypertension, low physical activity and increased intima-media thickness hold leading positions. The newest Stroke Riskometer™ appears to be the most relevant tool for the risk assessing as it has a variety of undoubted advantages compared to other clinical instruments.
About the authors
Elena V. Gnedovskaya
Research Center of Neurology
Author for correspondence.
Email: gnedovskaya@mail.ru
Россия, Moscow
Mikhail A. Kravchenko
Research Center of Neurology
Email: gnedovskaya@mail.ru
Россия, Moscow
М. E. Prokopovich
Research Center of Neurology
Email: gnedovskaya@mail.ru
Россия, Moscow
O. S. Andreeva
Russian Cardiology Research Complex
Email: gnedovskaya@mail.ru
Россия, Moscow
Dmitriy V. Sergeev
Research Center of Neurology
Email: gnedovskaya@mail.ru
Россия, Moscow
Elena V. Oshchepkova
Research Center of Neurology
Email: gnedovskaya@mail.ru
Россия, Moscow
Yu. Ya. Varakin
Research Center of Neurology
Email: gnedovskaya@mail.ru
Россия, Moscow
Mikhail A. Piradov
Research Center of Neurology
Email: gnedovskaya@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6338-0392
D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director
Россия, MoscowReferences
- Mendis S., Puska P., Norrving B., eds. Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011; 164. ISBN: 978 92 4 156437 3.
- Lozano R., Naghavi M., Foreman K. et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet 2012; 380 (9859): 2095–2128. PMID: 23245604. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.
- Suslina Z.A., Varakin Yu.Ya. Klinicheskoe rukovodstvo po ranney diagnostike, lecheniyu i profilaktike sosudistykh zabolevaniy golovnogo mozga. [Clinical guidelines for the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular diseases]. М.: MEDpress-inform, 2015; 380 p. ISBN 978-5-00030-244-6 (In Russ).
- Rose G.A., Blackburn H., Gillum R.F., Prineas R.J., eds. Cardiovascular Survey Methods. 2nd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1982. ISBN 978 92 4 156437 3.
- Conroy R.M., Pyorala K., Fitzgerald A.P. et al. SCORE project group. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003; 24(11): 987–1003. PMID: 12788299 doi: 10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00114-3.
- Parmar P., Krishnamurthi R., Ikram M.A. et al. The Stroke Riskometer( TM) App: Validation of a data collection tool and stroke risk predictor. International journal of stroke: official journal of the International Stroke Society 2015; 10 (2): 231–244. PMID: 25491651 doi: 10.1111/ijs.12411.
- Bots M.L., Hoes A.W., Koudstaal P.J., Hoffman A., Grobbee D.E. Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam study. Circulation 1997; 96: 1432–1437. PMID: 9315528
- Touboul P.J., Hennerici M.G., Meairs S. et al. Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness consensus (2004-2006). An update on behalf of the Advisory Board of the 3rd and 4th Watching the Risk Symposium, 13th and 15th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004, and Brussels, Belgium, 2006. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007; 23 (1): 75–80. PMID: 17108679 doi: 10.1159/000097034.
- Chazova I.E., Oshchepkova E.V., Zhernakova Yu.V. [Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension. Clinical guidelines]. Kardiologicheskiy vestnik. 2015; 1 (10): 3–30 (In Russ).
- Mancia G., Fagard R., Narkiewicz K. et al. ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Journal of Hypertension 2013, 31 (7): 1281–357. PMID: 23817082 doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc.
- Krasovskiy K.S. [The prevalence of smoking among adults in the Russian Federation]. Kontrol’ nad tabakom i obshchestvennoe zdorov’e v Vostochnoy Evrope 2011; 1 (11): 61–63 (In Russ).
- Vereshagin N.V., Suslina Z.A., Piradov M.A. [Principles of diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke]. Nervnye bolezni 2002; 1: 8–14 (In Russ).
- Chazova I.E., Oshchepkova E.V. [The results of implementation of the Federal target program for the prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension in Russia in 2002-2012]. Vestn. Ros. akademii meditsinskikh nauk. 2013; 2: 4–11. doi: 10.15690/vramn.v68i2.542 (In Russ).
- Varlamova T.A., Popova N.A., Naumova V.V. et al. [The results of 10 years of monitoring trends of CVD risk factors and their determinants (MONICA project), among the adult population of Moscow]. In: Nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya “Aktual’nye problemy profilaktiki neinfektsionnykh zabolevaniy”. Materialy [Research and practice conference “Current issues in noncommunicable disease prevention”. Proceedings]. Мoscow; 1995 (In Russ).
- Tanashyan M.M., Ionova V.G., Orlov S.V. et al. [Chronic cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and the status of hemorrheological and hemostatic systems]. Terapevticheskiy arkhiv. 2010; 10(82): 19–24. PMID: 21341458 (In Russ).
- Chazova I.E., Zhernakova Yu.V., Oshchepkova E.V. et al. [Prevalence of cardiiovascular risk factors in Russian population of patients with arterial hypertension]. Kardiologiya 2014; 54 (10): 4–12. doi: 10.18565/cardio.2014.10.4-12 (In Russ).
- Kuklina E.V., Carroll M.D., Shaw K.M. et al. Trends in high LDL cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering medication use, and dietary saturated-fat intake: United States, 1976-2010. NCHS Data Brief 2013; 117: 1–8. PMID: 23759124.
- Wolf-Maier K., Cooper R.S., Banegas J.R. et al. Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States. JAMA 2003; 289 (18): 2363-9. PMID: 12746359 doi: 10.1001/jama.289.18.2363.
- Zoni-Berisso M., Lercari F., Carazza T. et al. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective. Clin Epidemiol. 2014; 6: 213-20. PMID: 24966695 doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S47385.