The review is dedicated to the problem of secondary brain injury management in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Literature data on secondary ischemic factors impact on the cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygenation and metabolism was analized. Special attention was spared on the different methods of intensive care in secondary brain injury management.
Secondary brain injury in patients with intracranial hemorrhage
- Authors: Petrikov S.S.1, Krylov V.V.2
-
Affiliations:
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow Department of Health
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Care
- Issue: Vol 5, No 1 (2011)
- Pages: 44-51
- Section: Reviews
- Submitted: 03.02.2017
- Published: 13.02.2017
- URL: https://www.annaly-nevrologii.com/journal/pathID/article/view/314
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/psaic314
- ID: 314
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
About the authors
Sergey S. Petrikov
N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow Department of Health
Email: korrida@rambler.ru
Россия, Moscow
Vladimir V. Krylov
N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Care
Author for correspondence.
Email: korrida@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5256-0905
D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Full member of RAS, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head, Department of neurosurgery and neurocritical care, chief researcher, Neurosurgical department
Россия, MoscowReferences
- Бобринская И.Г., Иминова Х.М. Изменения церебрального кровотока и кислородного обеспечения мозга и методы их коррекции и мониторинга у больных с черепно-мозговой травмой. Новости науки и техн. Сер. «Мед.». Вып. «Реаниматология. Интенсивная терапия. Анестезиология». ВИНИТИ 2002; 2: 1–8.
- Исраелян Л.А., Лубнин А.Ю. Влияние комбинированного гипертонического-коллоидного раствора ГиперХАЕС на гемодинамические показатели, показатели транспорта кислорода, внутричерепное давление и церебральную оксигенацию. Анестезиология и реаниматология 2008; 2: 31–36.
- Кандель Э.И., Николаенко Э.М. Количественные методы исследования мозгового кровообращения и метаболизма мозга в нейрохирургической клинике. В кн.: Нейрохирургическая патология сосудов мозга. Под ред. Коновалова А.Н., Ромоданова А.П., Филатова Ю.М. и др. М.: 1974: 54–66.
- Кондратьев А.Н., Новиков В.Ю., Саввина И.А., Дрягина Н.В. Использование растворов гидроксиэтилкрахмала — 6% ГЭК 200/0,5 (Рефортан) и 6% ГЭК 130/0,4 (Волювен) в нейроанестезиологии. Анестезиология и реаниматология 2008; 2: 27–30.
- Курдюмова Н.В., Амчеславский В.Г. Гипертоническая гиперволемическая гемодилюция при церебральном вазоспазме. Вестник интенсивной терапии 2004; 3: 23–26.
- Лебедев В.В. Гематоэнцефалический барьер в практической нейрохирургии. Нейрохирургия 2006; 2: 6–11.
- Лубнин А.Ю., Савин И.А. Особенности инфузионно-трансфузионной терапии у нейрохирургических больных. Инфузионнотрансфузионная терапия в клинической медицине: Руководство для врачей. Под ред. Б.Р. Гельфанда. М.: Медицинское информационное агенство, 2009: 163–173.
- Москаленко Ю.Е. Внутричерепная гемодинамика: биофизические аспекты. Л.: Наука, 1975.
- Ошоров А.В., Савин И.А., Горячев А.С. и др. Первый опыт применения мониторинга ауторегуляции мозговых сосудов в остром периоде тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы. Анестезиология и реаниматология 2008; 2: 61–64.
- Промыслов М.Ш., Смирнов Н.А., Воробьев Ю.В., Бондарь В.И. Изменения метаболизма и кровотока мозга при разрыве аневризм церебральных сосудов. В кн.: Нейрохирургическая патология сосудов мозга. Под ред. Коновалова А.Н., Ромоданова А.П., Филатова Ю.М. и др. М.: 1974: 278–286.
- Шахнович А.Р., Милованова Л.С. Комплексное исследование кровоснабжения, метаболизма и функций мозга в нейрохирургической клинике. В кн.: Нейрохирургическая патология сосудов мозга. Под ред. Коновалова А.Н., Ромоданова А.П., Филатова Ю.М. и др. М.: 1974: 9–18.
- Al-Rawi P.G., Tseng M-Y., Nortjel J. et al. Effects of systemic hypertonic saline therapy on local cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygenation and chemistry in patients with poor grade subarachnoid haemorrhage. 4-th International Conference on Clinical Microdialysis 2007: 17.
- Artru F., Jourdan Ch., Perret-Liaudet A. et al. Low Brain Tissue Oxygen Pressure: Incidence and Corrective Therapies. Neurological Res. 1998; 20 (1): 48–51.
- Bardt T. F., Unterberg A. W., Härtl R. et al. Monitoring of Brain Tissue pO2 in Traumatic Brain Injury: Effect of Cerebral Hypoxia on Outcome. Acta Neurochirugica 1998; 71: 153–156.
- Carlson A.P., Schermer C.R., Lu S.W. Retrospective evaluation of anemia and transfusion in traumatic brain injury. J. Trauma 2006; 61 (3): 567–571.
- Chance B. Reaction of oxygen with the respiratory chain in cells and tissues. J. Gen. Physiol. 1965; 49: 163–188.
- Chesnut R.M. Secondary brain insults after injury: clinical perspectives. New Horizons 1995; 3 (3): 366–375.
- Chesnut R.M., Marshall L.F., Klauber M.R. The role of secondary brain injury in determining outcome from severe head injury. J. Trauma 1993; 34: 216–222.
- Clifton G.L., Miller E.R., Choi S.C., Levin H.S. Fluid thresholds and outcome from severe brain injury. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 30 (4): 739–745.
- Cruz J. An additional therapeutic effect of adequate hyperventilation in severe acute brain trauma: normalization of cerebral glucose uptake. J. Neurosurg. 1995; 82 (3): 379–385.
- De Micheli E., Rizzo P., Bianchi L. et al. Microdialysis to monitor cerebral metabolic changes in severe head injury patients. 4-th International Conference on Clinical Microdialysis 2007: 22.
- Diringer M.N., Videen T.O., Yundt K. et al. Regional cerebrovascular and metabolic effects of hyperventilation after severe traumatic brain injury. J. Neurosurg. 2002; 96 (1): 103–108.
- Gopinath S.P., Robertson C.S., Contact C.F. et al. Jugular venous desaturation and outcome after head injury. J. Neurol. Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57: 717–723.
- Gopinath S.P., Valadka A.B., Uzura M., Robertson C.S. Comparison of jugular venous oxygen saturation and brain tissue Po2 as monitors of cerebral ischemia after head injury. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 27: 2337– 2345.
- Hartl R., Ghajar J., Hochleuthner H., Mauritz W. Treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in severe traumatic brain injury with repetitive hypertonic/hyperoncotic infusions. Zentralbl. Chir. 1997; 122 (3): 181-185.
- Henker R.A., Brown S.D., Marion D.W. Comparison of brain temperature with bladder and rectal temperatures in adults with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 1998; 42: 1071–1075.
- Henzler D., Cooper D.J., Mason K. Factors contributing to fatal outcome of traumatic brain injury: a pilot case control study. Crit. Care Resusc. 2001; 3 (3): 153–157
- Hlatky R., Valadka A.B., Gopinath S.P., Robertson C.S. Brain tissue oxygen tension response to induced hyperoxia reduced in hypoperfused brain. J. Neurosurg. 2008; 108 (1): 53–58.
- Imberti R., Ciceri M., Bellinzona G., Pugliese R. The use of hyperventilation in the treatment of plateau waves in two patients with severe traumatic brain injury: Contrasting effects on cerebral oxygenation. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 2000; 12 (2): 124–127.
- Joseph M., Ziadi S., Nates J. et al. Increases in cardiac output can reverse flow deficits from vasospasm independent of blood pressure: a study using xenon computed tomographic measurement of cerebral blood flow. Neurosurgery 2003; 53 (5): 1044–1051.
- Katsumura H., Kabuto M., Hosotani K. et al. The influence of total body hyperthermia on brain haemodynamics and blood-brain barrier in dogs. Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 1995; 135 (1–2): 62–69.
- Kety S.S., Schmidt C.F. The nitrous oxide method for the quantitative determination of cerebral blood flow in man: theory, procedure and normal values. J. Clinical Invest 1948; 27: 476–483.
- Kiening K.L., Härtl R., Unterberg A.W. et al. Brain Tissue pO2- Monitoring in Comatose Patients: Implications for Therapy. J. Neurological Res. 1997; 19: 233–240.
- Kiening K.L., Unterberg A.W., Bardt T.F. et al. Monitoring of cerebral oxygenation in patients with severe head injuries: brain tissue PO2 versus jugular vein oxygen saturation. J. Neurosurg. 1996; 85: 751–757.
- Kirkpatrick P.J., Smielewski P., Piechnik S. et al. Early effects of mannitol in patients with head injuries assessed using bedside multimodality monitoring. Neurosurgery 1996; 39 (4): 714–720.
- Kuschinsky W., Paulson O.B. Capillary circulation in the brain. Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev. 1992; 4: 261–268.
- Le Roux P.D., Elliott J.P., Winn H.R. Blood transfusion during aneurysm surgery. Neurosurgery 2001; 49 (5): 1068–1074.
- Leal-Noval S.R., Rincуn-Ferrari M.D., Marin-Niebla A. et al. Transfusion of erythrocyte concentrates produces a variable increment on cerebral oxygenation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study. Intensive Care Med. 2006; 32 (11): 1733–1740.
- Lee E.J., Hung Y.C., Lee M.Y. Anemic hypoxia in moderate intracerebral hemorrhage: the alterations of cerebral hemodynamics and brain metabolism. J. Neurol. Sci. 1999; 164 (2): 117–123.
- Letarte P.B., Puccio A.M., Brown S.D., Marion D.W. Effect of hypocapnea on CBF and extracellular intermediates of secondary brain injury. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. 1999; 75: 45–47.
- Magnoni S., Ghisoni L., Locatelli M. et al. Lack of improvement in cerebral metabolism after hyperoxia in severe head injury: a microdialysis study. J. Neurosurg. 2003; 98: 952–958.
- Marion D.W., Darby J., Yonas H. Acute regional cerebral blood flow changes caused by severe head injuries. J. Neurosurg. 1991; 74: 407–414.
- Marion D.W., Puccio A., Wisniewski S.R. et al. Effect of hyperventilation on extracellular concentrations of glutamate, lactate, pyruvate, and local cerebral blood flow in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 30 (12): 2619–2625.
- Martin N.A., Patwardhan R.V., Alexander M.J. et al. Characterization of cerebral hemodynamic phases following severe head trauma: hypoperfusion, hyperemia, and vasospasm. J. Neurosurg. 1997; 87: 9–19.
- McIntyre L.A., Fergusson D.A., Hutchison J.S. et al. Effect of a liberal versus restrictive transfusion strategy on mortality in patients with moderate to severe head injury. Neurocrit. Care 2006; 5 (1): 4–9.
- McLaughlin M.R., Marion D.W. Cerebral blood flow and vasoresponsivity within and around cerebral contusions. J. Neurosurg. 1996; 85: 871–876.
- Menon D.K., Coles J.P., Gupta A.K. et al. Diffusion limited oxygen delivery following head injury. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 32: 1384–1390.
- Menzel M., Doppenberg E.M., Zauner A. et al. Cerebral oxygenation in patients after severe head injury: monitoring and effects of arterial hyperoxia on cerebral blood flow, metabolism and intracranial pressure. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 1999; 11: 240–251.
- Menzel M., Doppenberg E.M., Zauner A. et al. Increased inspired oxygen concentration as a factor in improved brain tissue oxygenation and tissue lactate levels after severe human head injury. J. Neurosurg. 1999; 91: 1–10.
- Muench E., Horn P., Bauhuf C. et al. Effects of hypervolemia and hypertension on regional cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain tissue oxygenation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 35 (8): 1844–1851.
- Muizelaar J.P., Ward J.D., Marmarou A. et al. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in severely head-injured children: part 2. Autoregulation. J. Neurosurg. 1989; 71: 72–76.
- Notje J., Coles J.P., Timofeev I. et al. Effect of hyperoxia on regional oxygenation and metabolism after severe traumatic brain injury: Preliminary findings. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 35 (12): 1–9.
- Reinert M., Alessandri B., Seiler R., Bullock R. Influence of inspired oxygen on glucose-lactate dynamics after subdural hematoma in the rat. Neurol. Res. 2002; 24 (6): 601–606.
- Reinert M., Schaller B., Widmer H.R. et al. Influence of oxygen therapy on glucose-lactate metabolism after diffuse brain injury. J. Neurosurg. 2004; 101 (2) 323–329.
- Robertson C.S., Valadka A.B., Hannay H.J. et al. Prevention of secondary ischemic insults after severe head injury. C. Robertson et al. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 27: 2086–2095.
- Sahuquillo J., Amoros S., Santos A. et al. Does an increase in cerebral perfusion pressure always mean a better oxygenated brain? A study in head-injured patients. J. Sahuquillo et al. Acta Neurochirurgica 2000; 76 (Suppl): 457– 462.
- Sakas D.E., Bullock M.R., Patterson J. et al. Focal cerebral hyperemia after focal head injury in humans: a benign phenomena? J. Neurosurg. 1995; 83: 277–284.
- Schneider G.H., Sarrafzadeh A.S., Kiening K.L. et al. Influence of Hyperventilation on Brain Tissue pO2, pCO2, and pH in Patients with Intracranial Hypertension. Acta Neurochirugica 1998; 71: 62–65.
- Schwartz S., Hafner K., Aschoff A. et al. Incidence and prognostic significance of fever following intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2000; 54 (2): 354–361.
- Smith M.J., Le Roux P.D., Elliott J.P., Winn H.R. Blood transfusion and increased risk for vasospasm and poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J. Neurosurg. 2004; 101 (1): 1–7.
- Smith M.J., Stiefel M.F., Magge S. et al. Packed red blood cell transfusion increases local cerebral oxygenation. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 33 (5) 1104–1108.
- Stocchetti N., Chieretegato A., De Marchi M. et al. High cerebral perfusion pressure improves low values of local brain tissue O2 tension (PtiO2) in focal lesions. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) – 1998; 71: 162–165.
- Stocchetti N., Protti A., Lattuada M. et al. Impact of pyrexia on neurochemistry and cerebral oxygenation after acute brain injury. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2005; 76 (8): 1135–1139.
- Stocchetti N., Rossi S., Zanier E.R. et al. Pyrexia in head-injured patients admitted to intensive care. Intensive Care Med. 2002; 28 (11): 1555–1562.
- Suazo J.A.C., Maas A.I.R., van den Brink W.A. et al. CO2 reactivity and brain oxygen pressure monitoring in severe head injury. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 28 (9): 3268–3273.
- Takehara Y., Kanno T., Yoshioka T. et al. Oxygen-dependent regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism by nitric oxide. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1995; 323: 27–32.
- Tisdall M.M., Tachtsidis I., Leung T.S. et al. Increase in cerebral aerobic metabolism by normobaric hyperoxia after traumatic brain injury. J. Neurosurg. 2008; 109 (3): 424–432.
- Tolias C.M., Reinert M., Seiler R. et al. Normobaric hyperoxiainduced improvement in cerebral metabolism and reduction in intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury: a prospective historical cohort-matched study. J. Neurosurg. 2004; 101 (3): 435–444.
- Torella F., Haynes S.L., McCollum C.N. Cerebral and peripheral oxygen saturation during red cell transfusion. J. Surg. Res. 2003; 110 (1): 217–221.
- Verweij B.H., Muizelaar J.P., Vinas F.C. et al. Impaired cerebral mitochondrial function after traumatic brain injury in humans. J. Neurosurg. 2000; 93: 815–820.
- Vinas F.C. Bedside invasive monitoring techniques in severe braininjured patients. Neurol. Res. 2001; 23: 157–166.
- York J., Arrillaga A., Graham R., Miller R. Fluid resuscitation of patients with multiple injuries and severe closed head injury: experience with an aggressive fluid resuscitation strategy. J. Trauma 2000; 48 (3): 376–379.